Oxytocin | The Human Need For Touch
I first remember learning some specifics about Oxytocin during medical school while working in Labor and Delivery. A synthetic analog of it, Pitocin, was frequently used to assist a difficult childbirth. It was used in triggering the uterus to contract and thus was valuable in aiding a stalled labor as well as minimizing uterine blood loss after childbirth. It’s role in milk production and lactation was also learnt, as it aids to express the milk from the mammary glands into the breast ducts that leads to “let-down,” vital to successful breast-feeding. However there appears to be much more to this hormone than those noted effects.
Many a mother has noted the bonding effect that occurs with breast feeding their newborn child. That this emotional attachment is at least partially chemically driven may not be as well-known however, and Oxytocin is central to this process.
Produced by a portion of the brain called the hypothalamus, Oxytocin is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, meaning it acts both as a messenger for communication within the brain, as well as a chemical that interacts throughout the rest of the body to trigger other responses or actions. And it would be a mistake to think it has significance only for women, as it is found in equal amounts for men as well. It’s just we’re still learning all of its functions.
Though much of this hormone’s effects are still being learned and discovered, Oxytocin’s secretion and release in the human body is involved and critical to more than just childbirth and breastfeeding. Beyond the consideration of it being the “bonding hormone,” it’s been called the “cuddle hormone” or the “love hormone,” as research has noted the involvement of its release with all patterns of intimacy, from sexual, to kissing or simple hand holding. Increasing recent research is focusing on these lesser known effects that the chemical Oxytocin has for both men and women.
We’ve known of the benefits of Oxytocin’s release in positively impacting the bonding between mothers and babies, now we are learning of its role in the bonding between sexual partners or mates. Research suggests a role in not only caring for our young but each other too; perhaps a factor in fidelity, loyalty or faithfulness. Even further we are discovering it has importance in social bonding as well, and thus has importance within communities.
Beyond the consideration of bonding however, Oxytocin appears to potentially impact our health in other valuable ways as well. It is thought to modulate inflammation and be a balm to the adverse effects of stress and the chemicals associated with stress such as cortisol. Recent research has even shown a correlation between its release and faster wound healing.
Kerstin Uväs-Moberg, M.D., Ph. D, is a world renowned expert in the field and has authored a book titled The Oxytocin Factor. She refers to Oxytocin as the calm and connection hormone and notes that it triggers a series of reactions that enhance our bodies relaxation and calmness. Not only are there immediate health benefits such as the reduction of blood pressure and other stress-related responses, but it appears that repeated exposure to Oxytocin can convey more long lasting effects that allow us to handle or deal with stress in a healthier manner long-term.
In an ever increasing stressful world and environment, and in the face of most of our underdeveloped relaxation responses to counteract this stress, everything that we can do to enhance our levels of Oxytocin increases our options for wellbeing. How to do this? By focusing on measures known to increase our own personal and internal storage and release. Interactive touch, as previously noted is most important. But it doesn’t have to be limited to human beings. Touch can happen between ourselves and our pets as well. Petting a cat or dog can feel and be good for both parties.
There are even techniques for giving yourself a hug or embrace that are found to be effective. Getting a massage can be another beneficial way to seek this. Walking, swimming in warm water, and all physical exercise is excellent too. Remember it’s not just direct physical contact between a couple that can help, as even direct eye contact and spending quality time in emotional interactions such as meaningful conversations can prove valuable.
Additional recent research is focusing on Oxytocin’s role in interpersonal trust, generosity with strangers, and social interaction and bonding. There has been attention to its use in the treatment of autism as evidence has shown Oxytocin facilitates pro-social behavior and prevents social avoidance. Current studies underway have found that it can reduce the repetitive behaviors seen with autistic children and adults and improve their interpretation of emotions of others.
In the end, for most of us, what we can take from all of this is that there is a very real and tangible benefit from Oxytocin for our health and well being. Additional information and research is sure to come our way. In the meantime, snuggle up with your loved one, give a hug to your faithful canine companion, and relish in the fact that you are wired for such contact and it does a body good.
